Do capacitor design variations affect performance?

Question

Am building a little DC to DC booster circuit that needs ceramic disc capacitors of 100nF and 220nF. I managed to get the 100nF (0.1 microFarads) capacitor, unfortunately, I can't find the 0.22microF capacitor. I found this block shaped one on a CRT monitor PCB with a 275 voltage rating. Would it be fine if I used that instead of the ceramic version. Does the design or shape change anything about it (the capacitor) other than the Max voltage? Another qn, the 2N3055 transistor is part of the components. Just wondering if ill need a heat sink for that. This little circuit wont handle anything above 1.5 amps, not sure about output voltage but am assuming nothing more than 25 volts. Thanks for your time.

Answer 1

Capacitors have lots of characteristics. The primary ones are their capacitance and voltage compliance, as you already know. But they also many things which differentiate them even if those are equal, depending on manufacturer and construction. They have tolerances (for example, \pm\20% on the capacitance value.) Some drift over time or temperature or humidity. There are leakage currents, equivalent series resistance, working temperatures, temperature and voltage and frequency variation coefficients that impact the capacitance value, etc. Some will have more inductance than others. Some of these variations depend on the materials used, so families of capacitor types will possess more or less of the above imperfections. See the link below.



Without knowing your boost converter design, it's hard to know what factors are important. But the equivalent series resistance is often an important efficiency factor.



You mention "block shaped" and .22μF. It's possible that this is a metallized Al/Zn polyprop mounted inside an ABS plastic case. If so, these are probably very good capacitors and I wouldn't be too worried about using one.



Regardless, I'd give it a try.



Boost converters are usually fairly efficient (60% or better.) But if you are talking about generating 25V @ 1.5A (which means, given that it is a boost topology, much more current from the source at a lower voltage), then that is up to almost 40 watts of delivered power. That could mean significant losses without careful design and selection of certain essential parts. A boost converter may have significant losses in the switch (the 2N3055 perhaps?), the freewheeling diode (I'm assuming this isn't a synchronous converter), the inductor, and the load current storage capacitor (which isn't likely to be either of the capacitors you mentioned already, given the 1.5A specification.) Regardless, a 2N3055 is designed to be mounted on a heat sink. They are specified when a heat sink is a good idea. So, ignorant of the details, I'd say that since a 2N3055 is specified you should use a heat sink on it. Just because it was specified.

Answer 2

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Answer 3

Different electrolytes have different performance, but I think the .22uF cap from the CRT should work. As for the 2N3055, 1.5 amps at 25 volts is 37.5 watts. The data sheet doesn't list the thermal resistance from case to ambient, but I seriously doubt it can dissipate 37.5 watts without a heatsink. If you look for it, you can probably find the thermal resistance for a typical TO-3 package.

Answer 4

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