(You have a little icon to show/hide width or you can view thickness with Plot preview)
Select objects and open Property panel, then change thickness
When you plot uncheck box Use plot style, this permit plot with thickness assigned to objects
If you plot with Box checked, you assign tickness based on .CTB table
Each color in Autocad take a pen with color and thickness,you can use existing .ctb or make a new .ctb
Example
Color 1 Red = Pen color 7 width 0.1 mm
Color 2 Yellow = Pen color 7 width 0.5 mm
......
In this case, all lines with color red are plotted with pen black and witdh 0.1 mm, independent from width assign to lines. If you have line line with property red and width 0.4, one circle red with width=bylayer in one layer with width=0.5, when you plot width is 0.1 because lines are red and box "Use plot styles" is checked.
Naturally, if you uncheck box, circle are plotted with color red and width 0.5 and line with color red and width=0.4