An oscilloscope makes a graph of voltage vs. time. Great. Next problem is what the origin (0,0) of the graph is.
For the vertical axis, this is a pretty easy question to answer. The 'ground' (clip) connection of the oscilloscope is the origin. If you have a differential probe or you have subtraction as a feature, you can use another signal as the reference zero. But let's not go there.
For the horizontal axis, this is a somewhat more complicated question. Time has been marching forward since the beginning of time, and it shows no sign of stopping. So how does one place the origin on the graph?
The trigger circuit of an oscilloscope declares the origin for time on the display. The simplest version of trigger 'triggers' when the input signal crosses a threshold (the 'trigger level') going a specific direction (rising edge, or falling edge).
More complex versions of trigger can look at a different signal than the signal you are graphing on the screen--external trigger. Or it can look at your wall power supply--line trigger. Fancy digital oscilloscopes have video trigger (on the start of frame or on a specific line of video), conditional trigger (connect digital inputs and trigger on a data byte), glitch trigger (trigger on a tiny pulse, but not a big one), or lots of other things.