Question:
Steam or Stirling engine?
Nicko Toka
2010-10-23 03:41:12 UTC
Hello,

I want to make a solar thermal project of capable of producing electricity and heat/cool, but my first objective is electricity. I want to be able to produce about 100w - 500w electric energy. Which one is the best engine to use? Steam or stirling? Which one is cheaper or even easiest to build? And if one o the two then what type of steam or stirling engine?

thanx.
Seven answers:
kasab
2010-10-23 08:51:59 UTC
Nicko, You need 100W - 500W electric power ( not energy). For the electricity generation neither suggested engines would be a proper choice.

Steam engine is too bulky with many expensive parts, unpopular, out of common use and takes a big space with other numerous disadvantages. The stirling is not popular either and has not found its way to the practical world.

With limited power you need the easiest thing is a reciprocating engine - generator set that are very common and readily available. The engine may be a petrol or diesel type. The latter is more efficient but you should have an easy access to the fuel.

Hope that helps.
?
2016-10-21 03:18:41 UTC
Stirling Steam Engine
anonymous
2016-04-07 06:17:44 UTC
For the best answers, search on this site https://shorturl.im/axCCD



The Stirling engine is mechanically simple compared to a steam engine. With the Stirling, all you do is heat one "end" and give the flywheel a spin and it is off and running as long as heat is applied. Stirling engines are NOT self-starting. A steam engine takes a boiler, water and a whole lot of other parts and may or may not be self-starting simply by opening a valve to allow steam to flow to the piston. Steam locomotives have 90 degree offset pistons on the left and right side, so no matter what the position of the engine IS when it stops when the steam is cut off, it will self start when steam is admitted again. A number of years ago, I purchased several model Stirling engines. I used one to run a tinkertoy merry-go-round for Christmas one year... I have 3 variations, two which use flame and the 3rd with a solar reflector to use sunlight as the heat source. They were NOT cheap... Today, the same models sell for $400-$500 EACH... I have a friend who runs steam powered model boats. He has built several model steam engines from kits. The Kits run about $200 and you need a small machine shop to machine the parts. You can't see the moving parts in a Stirling, but the steam engine is nothing BUT moving parts!
Ecko
2010-10-23 04:31:59 UTC
The basic theory of both is that the efficiency depends on the temperature drop across them. The hotter the hot soide and the colder the cold side, the better. However a stirling engine is capable of working, albeit poorly, with lower temperatures, even lower than 100C. Both need up around 500C for really good efficiency. This tends to be steam turbine or multiple expansion piston engine territory, so you are talking of lower tempratures. Generally stirling engines use hydrogen or helium as the internal working fluid because it is slippery, and very conductive so the RPM can be higher, more like the 1500 - 3600 RPM a readily available generator will need. That is also about efficiency, eliminating gears.



Going by commercial units, the overall efficiency is about 25%, so to get 500W you need about 2.5 square meters of sunlight focussed on the heat absorber. As your efficiency is likely lower, probably area makes up for that. Of cource the collector mirror arrangement has to track the sun.



I think the stirling engine would assuming you have good machining resources. Not much to copy off, so it is a big learning curve. A steam engine (piston) with only one size piston will not extract all the energy from the steam, and a turbine needs the same thing, expansion through high pressure into lower pressure parts and eventually to the condenser. Steam probably more dangerous than circulated liquid salts perhaps in the stirling type. The first link below has plenty of reference so you can see where to go. The second link has a video on a solar steam generator system down the page. You may be surprised at the size of the collector for a small engine. You are looking at something like 1hp or 750W engine power. The 2 cylinder plans they mention are up to 10hp, so that method suits.
anonymous
2010-10-23 03:59:05 UTC
Steam needs high temperature to boil water, and lose water, Stirlings can work on much smaller temperature differences. Put Stirling engine into Google. Also look for Ryder, they made wood/coal burning stationary engine for irrigation etc about 100 years ago. Solar power pretty much rules out steam.
sexton
2017-02-19 23:57:28 UTC
1
anonymous
2016-03-20 06:54:12 UTC
stirling engines are cooler/ It depends on why you are getting it


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